The various RGB color spaces that we use in the digital darkroom are simply useful subsets of all the colors contained in the XYZ color space. In fact, though seldom used directly in image editing, the XYZ color space is the basis of everything that relates to color in a color-managed image editing application. It amazes me that despite the somewhat limited experimental foundations of the XYZ color space (since supplemented with additional experiments), XYZ is nonetheless extremely useful. I don't know the composition of the humans that participates in the color matching experiments that led to the creation of the "average human" 1931 CIEXYZ color space, but if I had to guess, I would guess that they were healthy young adult British males. But as far as the 1931 CIEXYZ color space that we use in the digital darkroom is concerned, these "nonstandard color perception" colors aren't real and aren't imaginary, rather they simply weren't measured during the color matching experiments that led to the creation of the XYZ color space. And if a painting reflects it and a human tetrachromat sees it, it's real for the tetrachromat. To summarize, if a flower reflects it ("it" being that complex phenomenon we call light) and a bee sees it, of course it's real for the bee. These alternative color spaces would have their own sets of real and imaginary colors. But the resulting "tetrachromat-XYZ" color space (or "color-blind-XYZ" color space, or "bird-XYZ" color space) wouldn't be the same as the "average humans only" 1931 CIEXYZ color space. One could do (and I'm sure color scientists have done) color matching experiments with human tetrachromats, with color-blind humans, and perhaps even with birds, bees, dogs, and etc. Here's why:Īs mentioned in the first section of this article, light waves of different frequencies are out there in the world, but color happens in the eye and brain. However, for purposes of the digital darkroom, the colors that are seen by any being with non-standard color perception are neither real nor imaginary. For example, birds, bees, dogs, and humans with nonstandard color perception don't see the same colors in the same way as the average human. Not every being sees color exactly like the hypothetical average human. XYZ coordinates that are inside the locus of colors mapped by the color matching experiments are called real colors. XYZ coordinates that are outside the locus of colors mapped by the color matching experiments that led to the creation of the XYZ color space are called imaginary colors. However, not every set of coordinates in XYZ space corresponds to a color that the average human can see. Theoretically, the XYZ axes go off to infinity in both the positive and negative direction. X and Z carry additional information about how the cones in the human eye respond to light waves of varying frequencies. In the XYZ color space, Y corresponds to relative luminance Y also carries color information related to the eye's "M" (yellow-green) cone response. To visualize XYZ, think of a three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system (high school algebra) with axes labelled X, Y, and Z. In 1931 color scientists used the results of the Wright and Guild experiments to create the 1931 CIEXYZ color space ("XYZ" for short). In the late 1920s William David Wright and John Guild independently conducted a series of color matching experiments that mapped out all the colors the average human (meaning the average of the humans in the experiments) can see. XYZ Color mapping experiments: what the average human sees The naming of colors carries one out of the narrow realm of color perception, and into the larger realm of cultural and linguistic interpretation and classification of color, and thence into even larger philosophical, aesthetic, theological, and metaphysical considerations. So our perception of color is composed of both intensity information and chromaticity information. Light varies in wavelengths, which our eyes and brain interpret as varying colors, and also in intensity. Light enters the eyes, is processed by light receptors ( cones and rods), and sent via the optic nerves to the brain for further processing and interpretation. Rather color is part of how we sense the world around us. On the other hand, color isn't out there in the world in the same tangible way that light is. On the one hand, light comes from the sun or other radiant sources, and is refracted by mediums (water, the atmosphere, glass) and diffusely or specularly reflected by surfaces. Nominal ranges are often extended in practice. RGB numbers have the nominal range 0 to 1, as does Y from XYZ and xyY. Summary plus a short historical perspective on linear gamma image editingĪll RGB, XYZ, and yxY numbers in this tutorial are floating point numbers.xyY - enough colors, all the colors, and imaginary colors.RGB - locate black, white, red, green, and blue in XYZ space.
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2/1/2024 0 Comments Dorico elementsI felt the flutes were a bit ‘breathy’ on the attack phase. You’ll notice on the Saxes I used a notch filter insert on the Dorico mixer, as to ‘my ears’ there were some buzz-like overtones that I personally found a bit too much for this ‘school wind band’ sound (would probably sound great in a Jazz or R&B mix though). Using the play tab, I changed the end points for each stave accordingly to use my new Instruments as I built them.įrom there I just built out sections by cloning instruments and tweaking them all a bit (detune, pan, some filter and dynamic attack tweaks so each slot sounds a little different, etc). Effectively, I set it up to ‘layer’ multiple instrument slots over like MIDI channels. I went into ‘options’ inside HSSE and disabled General MIDI, thus unlocking the Channel settings in the MIDI tab, and also freeing up channel 10 for things other than drum sets. JH Star Spangled Banner HSSE Mix.dorico (1.5 MB)īasically all I did was start new instances of HSSE for each instrument family. Here is the project so you can have a look at what I’ve done in HSSE to stage and shape the sound. Just a quick example of one of many methods to expand that National Anthem mix to a larger ensemble using HSSE and sounds that ship with Dorico Elements. In short, using what comes in the box, one can build some pretty rich and nice sounding ensembles! At first it can take a little time, but you do get to save them, and use them again and again as a base template for future projects. The quick and dirty version simply uses some chorus effects, while yet another approach is to start splitting sections or family groups off into fresh HSSE instances, cloning instruments and setting them to like channels, detuning some of them a bit and applying some other tricks to prevent losing much of it to wave-canceling issues (can happen when stacking the same samples again and again), panning them out, etc. I’ll have to come back later to explain some ways to get that effect. Next thing I want to do is go for a band sound that’s all staged out and set in a nice ambient context instead of just having one player per part. To this (After simply changing all expression maps to “Default” so Dorico interprets dynamics to use Velocity and CC7): I went from this (Dorico’s defaults after choosing the Elements sound template): So, just by changing ALL of the expression maps in this project to “Default”: Note On Velocity = Filter adjustments and/or sample layer changes and/or attack dynamic/envelope choices/manipulation.ĬC71 - 78 = HALion’s Quick Controls (knobs across the bottom of the plugin) Really, very few if any of these HALion Basic or Artist library sounds should be using Mod Wheel (CC1) Dynamics!įor the most part the standard of these two libraries (Basic and Artist) are: I personally prefer using the “Velocity + CC11” expression map to start out with (keeps the expression volume CC11 separate but relative to the master volume CC7 on MIDI export), but either will work fine, and the ‘Default’ map will sound sound ‘louder’ without having to make any tweaks to boost the main levels if you prefer a louder mix. 2/1/2024 0 Comments Openttd mainlineTry this out first before making things more difficult for yourself with earlier start dates on more mountainous maps). I will assume these game settings (this gives an easy start in the default game. Let's go through the simpler 'one train' variant first. Speeds overall are lower so optimal distance overall is shorter than in temperate. (If you use these, you can go with a shorter start distance as well). If you've got a particularly mountainous map. First, for the temperate climate (from best to worst):įor the tropical and arctic climates, the list goes: Trains that are not listed are worse than trains that are available earlier in the game. "What trains are good starting trains to pick?", you may ask. Temperate 1860 very flat UKRS Two trains (coal) Early steam is slow & cheapĬandyland 1950 flat default Two trains (sugar) Ploddyphuts are slowĪrctic 1970 alpine default One train (coal) Mountainous terrain Tropical 1950 hilly default One train (oil) 'Willis' has low power Tropical 1965, flat default Two trains (oil) Good powerful diesel available Temperate >1980 flat default Two trains (coal) SH'125' is amazing Maptype, year, elevation, trains Mode Reason/Tip When construction is expensive and there simply isn't enough money to go around the quicker return time and less wasted money of a two train start won't make up for the loss in distance the 'one train start' will win out. More powerful trains have a lower optimal distance: they get to cruising speed quicker.Cheaper stuff obviously means you have more money to build.Slower trains have a lower optimal distance, meaning more distance isn't as valuable.Flatter maps tend to feature cheaper construction and more diagonal line segments.Typically on easier flatter maps with cheaper, slower, more powerful trains the 'two train start' is more optimal. Which variant is more optimal depends a lot on the characteristics of your game setup. The 'two train' start has an inherent advantage: when the train arrives on the other side of the loop, new coal is already waiting for it without needing an extra buffering setup. The 'one train start', where you start out with a single train, and the 'two train start' where you start out with two trains. (Side note: on Tropical maps this would be Oil.) I haven't played candyland very often, but going by production the prerequisites for candy seem like good picks, as it's the more common stuff. We pick coal, as it is the most profitable cargo. 2x2 coal mines, spaced as far apart as affordable (150-200 tiles seems accurate enough for a low max loan game with default construction costs), with power plants as close as possible to the two sets of coal mines. Typically the ideal distance is something like 400 tiles for typical settings (1x costs, 3x train weight multiplier, 7-tile train maximum), which typically is more than you can afford anyway. The further apart your stations, the better, up to a point. Experiment, and see how far apart your starting line can be. As there are many variables, the only real judge is some experience. The further you go, the better the start, but go even £1 over, and you're bankrupt. In order to gain the best ROI, it's important to get a 'feeling' of how far you can push things. In fact, starting out with two trains is a pretty strong setup, but very hard to execute. Since you're saying 'two trains' this likely is an early-game, possibly your starting line. More, smaller bursts of cash lead to quicker compounding interest than few, massive bursts of cash (fill your line with trains first before making it longer).Locomotives are the bulk of your cost.Faster, more powerful trains are better.There's some pointers to making lots of money early game that are usually true: Here, ROI is key, especially at the beginning of the game, when you can still build faster than you can spend your money. I'm going to contribute another answer here, from my experience in competitive openTTD citybuilding and 'goal server' games. Unfortunately, for all the high-tech improvements, Apple decided to move on with Catalina and 32-bit apps are no longer going to work on it. Those with an Apple Watch can take it even further by syncing it with their Macs and controlling security prompts from there. Catalina improves the security system, as well, by prompting your permission when apps need to access your documents. You can now even use Voice Control to fully operate your Mac with no hands and only voice commands through Siri. If you pair it with an Apple Pencil, you can turn it into a drawing tablet for your Mac. Apple Sidecar lets you use an iPad as a second screen for your Mac, either as an extension or a mirror image of the monitor. Project Catalyst allows any iPad apps downloadable from the Mac App Store to run on Macs, so you’ll have a wider range of apps to use. Secondly, Catalina has brand-new features that let you be innovative in how you interact with your Mac. As for syncing your devices, the Finder will help you there. You can even voice-search for shows using words and phrases on them. Apple Podcasts is similar to how it operated back in iTunes but now has more space and its own personalized library, which is perfect for podcast lovers. Apple TV gives you access to TV and movie content like the Apple Channels, and for the first time, supports 4K HDR content in 2018 and later Macs. You have full access to it, including the iTunes Music Store, and it will even give you music recommendations. Apple Music houses all your music, whether they’re songs bought online or ripped from CDs. These three are focused on their individual purposes so they’ll function faster, unlike the overly-bloated iTunes. Something Old, Something Newįirst off, macOS Catalina officially gets rid of iTune s and instead replaces it with three separate apps: Apple Music, Apple TV, and Apple Podcasts. It is the successor to macOS Mojave and is the first version of macOS to exclusively support 64-bit applications. MacOS Catalina is the sixteenth major release of macOS, Apple's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. Softonic review Apple Says Goodbye to iTunes in This OS 2/1/2024 0 Comments Simplemind mind mapping appOur goal is to deliver the most accurate information and the most knowledgeable advice possible in order to help you make smarter buying decisions on tech gear and a wide array of products and services. ZDNET's editorial team writes on behalf of you, our reader. Indeed, we follow strict guidelines that ensure our editorial content is never influenced by advertisers. Neither ZDNET nor the author are compensated for these independent reviews. This helps support our work, but does not affect what we cover or how, and it does not affect the price you pay. When you click through from our site to a retailer and buy a product or service, we may earn affiliate commissions. And we pore over customer reviews to find out what matters to real people who already own and use the products and services we’re assessing. We gather data from the best available sources, including vendor and retailer listings as well as other relevant and independent reviews sites. If SimpleMind − Mind Mapping suits you, get the 2.53 MB app for 2.0.2 on PC.ZDNET's recommendations are based on many hours of testing, research, and comparison shopping. ○ visually group topics with group borders ○ highlight branches by displaying branch borders ○ change borders, lines, colors, background color, the checkbox color, and much more ○ style every detail, exactly how you want it ○ change the appearance by selecting one of the 15+ style sheets ○ create a slideshow to present your Mind Map ○ outline, can be imported in word processors ○ built-in support for Dropbox, OneDrive, Google Drive, 坚果云 - Nutstore, and Nextcloud For example with iPad&iPhone - as a separate purchase ○ link to a topic, mind map, contact, file or webpage ○ supports multiple Mind Maps on one page ○ virtually unlimited page size and number of elements ○ connect any two topics with a crosslink ○ use checkboxes, progress bars, auto-numbering ○ reorganize and restructure using drag, rotate, re-arrange or reconnect ○ or use auto layout - great for brainstorming ○ place topics anywhere you want in the free-form layout Change and customize the style of the Mind Map.Unique free-form layout or various auto layouts.Used in a wide range of applications: business, education, legal and medical.Trustworthy and reliable: 10+ years of updates and improvements.Continuously fine-tuned based on customer feedback.Upgrade to full functionality is a one-time single purchase.Everything you need to get started with mind mapping.We've created a beautiful, intuitive app, so you can mind map wherever you are and whenever you want. 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To use SimpleMind − Mind Mapping mobile app on Windows 11, install the Amazon Appstore. Install SimpleMind − Mind Mapping on your Mac using the same steps for Windows OS above. Using SimpleMind − Mind Mapping on Mac OS:.Now enjoy SimpleMind − Mind Mapping on PC.Once SimpleMind − Mind Mapping is downloaded inside the emulator, locate/click the "All apps" icon to access a page containing all your installed applications including SimpleMind − Mind Mapping.The search will reveal the SimpleMind − Mind Mapping app icon.Open the Emulator app you installed » goto its search bar and search "SimpleMind − Mind Mapping".Using SimpleMind − Mind Mapping on PC :.On your computer, goto the Downloads folder » click to install Bluestacks.exe or Nox.exe » Accept the License Agreements » Follow the on-screen prompts to complete installation. Install the emulator on your PC or Mac:.Download Bluestacks Pc or Mac software Here >. We recommend Bluestacks because you can easily find solutions online if you run into problems while using it. Download an Android emulator for PC and Mac:. |
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